Tuesday, December 24, 2019

Kurt Vonnegut S Slaughterhouse Five A Good Anti War Novel

Kevin Amoah Ms Wrotten Honors World Literature 06/06/16 IS KURT VONNEGUT’S SLAUGHTERHOUSE FIVE A GOOD ANTI WAR NOVEL? Mostly, not all soldiers are affected by the negative aspects of war like injures or death. However, more than half of these soldiers who come back from war mostly suffer from Post Traumatic Stress. In Kurt Vonnegut’s slaughterhouse five, Vonnegut, the author, ues enormous flashbacks, disorder shifts in time, and the use of short phrases, â€Å"so it goes† to convey the idea of lack of sorrow for the death and ability to tell what’s going to happen in the future due to flashbacks in order to show the negative and long lasting effects of war. In Vonnegut’s Slaughterhouse 5, Vonnegut uses short phrases such as â€Å"so it goes† in order to show the idea that Billy, the main character, doesn’t really have pity toward died people. This is because when Billy visited the Tralfamadorians the â€Å"important he learned on The Tralfamadore was that when a person dies he only appears to die. He is still very much alive in the past, so it is very silly for people to cry at his funeral†. ( Vonnegut 26). Billy finds his own explanation of the bombing and the death of so many innocent people. He turns to the Tralfamadorian belief that the deaths were unpreventable and had to happen because that was how they were supposed to happen. Neither he nor anyone else could change what destiny had decided would occur. At the thought of these deaths and all death Billy sees, he has only oneShow MoreRelatedKurt Vonnegut : A Hybrid Of Science Fiction And Satire1716 Words   |  7 PagesLeanne Arata English 11 Mrs. Wheeler 5/8/2016 Kurt Vonnegut The idea of making a work that does not fit into a single category of work is how Kurt Vonnegut has become such a phenomenon. Kurt Vonnegut has a hybrid writing style which allows him to critique human nature and this is evident in his work. A hybrid writer is someone who makes something by combining two different genres to create something new. Vonnegut’s work is a hybrid of science fiction and satire. Satire is an author’s way of sayingRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five By Kurt Vonnegut1381 Words   |  6 PagesKurt Vonnegut seems to portray the protagonist of Slaughterhouse-Five, Billy Pilgrim, much like himself, a war participant and truth seeker. In the novel Slaughterhouse-Five, Kurt Vonnegut characterizes Billy Pilgrim as a war survivor with PTSD(Post Traumatic Stress Disorder). In doing so, Vonnegut uses tone to reveal the extremely violent and unruly nature of war and flashbacks to show how war causes Pilgrim to lose touch with reality. Throughout the story, Pilgrim goes back and forth through timeRead MoreA Conversation With Real Life Director Harrison Starr1693 Words   |  7 Pageschapter 1: when Harrison compares anti-war books to anti-glaciers books In the first chapter, which serves as an introduction, Vonnegut directly addresses the reader, pointing out his attitude towards war. The author makes it clear that he sees it as something ugly and horrifying, however, it seems like he is resigned to the fact that war will always exist. In one passage Vonnegut recounts a conversation with real-life director Harrison Starr. When Vonnegut explained that he was working on anRead MoreAnalysis Of Kurt Vonnegut s Slaughterhouse Five Essay2080 Words   |  9 PagesDraft Slaughterhouse-five War is a virus, a plagues our world and has experienced since the early ages of time. Once a war is cured a new strain begins stronger and more unforgiving as the last. Humans are creatures of habit which continue the violence. Kurt Vonnegut’s novel, slaughterhouse-five, is a deliberate and well developed statement against war as expressed through the tone, rhetoric, and characters, making anti war a prominent theme through the entirety of the novel. Slaughterhouse-fiveRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five By Kurt Vonnegut1211 Words   |  5 Pagesâ€Å"War is never a solution; it’s an aggravation†- Benjamin Disraeli. This quote represents how the effects of war isn’t a positive reaction, for it causes others to feel hate, fear, and anger. Kurt Vonnegut expresses his thoughts and experiences during World War Two and through the witnessing of the Dresden firebombing to show the reasons for the main character Billy’s actions. Billy Pilgrim has suffered fr om PTSD (Post Traumatic Stress Disorder) which was caused by the negative experiences he facedRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five : The Atypical Novel1044 Words   |  5 PagesSlaughterhouse Five: the Atypical Novel Most great novels traditionally have one dynamic character with a strong personality that embarks on a prolonged pilgrimage. This character s demeanor or life is changed forever as a result of an event or obstacle they are forced to overcome. However; Kurt Vonnegut s Slaughterhouse Five breaks the mold of a traditional novel and blazes forward in a new and bizarre path. He uses a diverse cast of subordinate characters to make certain symbolic representationsRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five And The Comforts Of Indifference By Barry Chabot2680 Words   |  11 Pagesthere is none. The story doesn’t morally make any sense, and thats the conclusion Vonnegut is trying to guide the reader towards. The literary criticism of ‘Slaughterhouse Five’ and the Comforts of Indifference, written by Barry Chabot is a critical essay that explores deeper into the meaning behind the eccentric story of Billy Pilgrim, and its creator Kurt Vonnegut. Billy Pilgrim’s indifference is an extension of Vonnegut attempting to come to terms with the violent nature of man. However this â€Å"comfort†Read MoreThe Slaughterhouse Five Novel By Kurt Vonnegut1366 Words   |  6 Pages The Slaughterhouse Five novel, is a fictional and nonfictional delight all clashed into one. The author, Kurt Vonnegut, amazingly combines a fictional character’s life with the nonfictional influence of what Kurt himself had experienced. As well as major topics being debated on and dealt with today. Billy Pilgrim takes hold of the story’s main protagonist as a prisoner of war during the Dresden raids in eastern Germany. While reading, I found many relationships in the novel to common concerns, suchRead MoreSlaughterhouse Five By Kurt Vonnegut1154 Words   |  5 PagesTaylor Holmes In the novel Slaughterhouse Five, Kurt Vonnegut presents a framed narrative voiced through an unreliable narrator that stimulates the presence of universal and empirical truths. (Introducton?) The juxtaposition of predestination with the exercise of free will is an age-old question. In the pagan world, prior to the upsurge of Western development and Christianity, predestination was deemed a truth; pagan gods were superlative and dictated the lives and fates of subordinate humans. AroundRead MoreA Long Way Gone, Slaughterhouse Five, And Novel Without A Name1542 Words   |  7 Pagesthere has been war, those involved have managed to get their story out. This can be a method of coping with choices made or a way to deal with atrocities that have been witnessed. It can also be a means of telling the story of war for those that may have a keen interest in it. Regardless of the reason, a few themes have been a reoccurrence throughout. In ‘A Long Way Gone,’ ‘Slaughterhouse-Five,’ and ‘Novel without a Name,’ three narrators take the readers through their memories of war and destruction

Sunday, December 15, 2019

Human Rights and Social Justice Free Essays

Human Rights and Social Justice Integrated Paper Vicki MacWhinnie-Ilundain Fordham University Viewpoint and Concepts that Best Clarify the Dilemmas in Hugo’s Case Hugo’s story highlights the value conflicts that social workers face in every-day practice. The policies that dictate the funding, the scope of services, and the eligibility for the services that Hugo may need in order to actualize his basic human rights were developed within a system that continues to practice within the Rawlsian theory of social justice frame work. Therefore, these government policies tend to support the concept that people are only entitled to their â€Å"fair and due share† of services and/or access to resources if they are working to enhance the good of the over all society (Banerjee, 2005, p. We will write a custom essay sample on Human Rights and Social Justice or any similar topic only for you Order Now 13). In Hugo’s case, there are psychological, cultural and physical factors that may impact his ability to maintain gainful employment. These individual aspects of Hugo’s life situation are not taken into consideration in determining how long he can receive supports, or what types of supports he receives. The state-funded financial benefits that Hugo requires in order to have his very, basic needs met; such as food, clothing and shelter, have a five-year limit. Because there is no consideration to human rights behind the 5-year limit, Hugo has unmet human rights. This creates a value conflict for Hugo’s social worker, who is working within a system that has Rawlsian infused policies; yet, is mandated by the National Social Work Code of Ethics to promote social justice in a manner that respects the unique strengths and dignity of the individual (NASW, 2008). You can read also  Justice System Position Paper The social worker working from a human rights-based perspective; where according to Ife (2008) â€Å"there is a obligation on every member of society to respect and support people’s rights†, will address Hugo’s unmet needs that stem from this 5-year limit policy as unfulfilled rights rather than assessing them as needs for which Hugo may or may not qualify to receive services (p. 113). Adding to the complexity and value conflict of the social worker’s role is the need for the social worker to partner with Hugo to identify not only his assets; but to also identify the barriers he faces. The social worker can develop a more in-depth understanding of Hugo’s barriers by exploring the levels of oppression Hugo experiences and his positionalty vis-a-vis all the systems and individuals he interacts with in society. Hugo is experiencing oppression at a structural level as a result of his position as an immigrant from Haiti who has experience trauma. Hugo has psychological and physical impairments as the result of past trauma, he is of an ethic background that is not part of the privileged class in the United States, and he was born outside the United States. These characteristics, which Hugo inherited through birth and via traumatic life experiences, tend to lead to discrimination in the United States. As a result of systematic discrimination, Hugo belongs to a subordinate group in the society and is oppressed by the dominant group. Mullaly (2010) explains that this â€Å"web of oppression †¦occurs for the most part because of the sanctioned ways that social institutions, laws, social policies, and social practices all work together to benefit the dominant group at the expense of subordinate groups† (p. 197). Challenges in Social Work Practice as a Result of a Paradigm Shift In this process of identifying assets and barriers, the social worker may face further value conflicts that impact their ability to empower Hugo to claim his human rights: The social worker has a moral and professional obligation to help Hugo advocate for his human rights. This will include supporting Hugo’s desire to participate in a lawsuit against the US government, who created the 5-year limit on public financial support. In Hugo’s circumstance, the legal mandate that limits the total amount of years he can access funding is impeding Hugo’s right to food, shelter, substance abuse treatment, psychological care, and safety. As an employee of a state funded program, the social worker is not allowed to ignore this mandate or seek to undermine it in any way. The social worker is faced with the challenge of partnering with Hugo to support his quest to actualize his human rights while working within a legal mandate that restricts Hugo’s access to the resources he requires in order to claim his human rights. The social worker is also challenged to reframe the way they conceptualize their interventions with Hugo. By choosing a rights-based approach, the ocial worker’s dialogue regarding Hugo’s rights will not only have a more global tone, but it will require the social worker to use additional skills to engage Hugo in a discussion that empowers Hugo to define his rights. Ife (2008) asserts that this type of social work practice has the potential to do more than just address an individual’s minimum needs but allows for social work to be transformative by building a society â€Å"hel d together by mutual respect for human rights of all citizens and based on notions of interdependence, mutual support and collective well-being† (p. 13). The challenge for the social worker is to elevate discussions and practice beyond working just with the individual case by engaging in dialogues and actions that â€Å"link their profession to economic, political and social aims of society as a whole† (Riechert, 2007, p. 31). The social worker faces many challenges when making a paradigm shift from a needs-based approach of social work to an elevated practice that focuses on human rights. The needs-based approach, where the provider identifies or diagnoses the â€Å"client’s† needs into narrow categories, and then provides a focused â€Å"intervention†, is deeply ingrained in the traditional models of practice. For example, the medical model is still widely accepted as best practice and is often used in social service programs and agencies. When taking the human rights approach, the social worker will reframe Hugo’s experience so that his rights are identified first, then used to re-conceptualize the needs that have to be met in order to actualize his rights. The social worker also faces the challenge of advocating for Hugo to receive services that support his right-based needs in systems with competing values. The rights-based approach conflicts with agency practices at a mezzo level, such as the use a medical treatment model that may not be culturally sensitive or focused on Hugo’s rights. The social worker may also experience conflicts of values on a macro level when advocating for funding for Hugo’s services. The state and/or federal government, who provide funding for the social services, may place a value on providing the least amount of services for minimum cost to tax payers rather than on Hugo’s unmet rights. On a micro level, the social worker may experience difficulties building rapport with Hugo because of their differences in gender, ethic background, power, education, and socio-economic status. Level’s and Dimensions of Hugo’s Well Being The Universal Declaration of Human Rights established global principles of human rights that set the precedence that all people have the right to an â€Å"a standard of living adequate for their health and well being; including food, clothing, housing, and medical care and necessary social services, and the right to security in the event of unemployment, sickness, disability†¦ or other lack of livelihood in circumstances beyond his control† (United Nations, 1994). Hugo’s social worker can discuss Hugo’s well being in a human rights framework by exploring the domains of wellbeing that impact Hugo’s daily life. The social worker and Hugo may need to establish a language to use as they talk about Hugo’s life experiences, if they are going to successfully switch from a needs-based paradigm to a rights-based paradigm. The social worker can use the seven domains of wellbeing to help deconstruct the needs-based thinking and language that has been the context for the â€Å"interventions† Hugo has received from social services in the past. Discussions using the domains of wellbeing may include: education, mental health, physical health, political and legal, cultural, and spiritual. After reaching the 5-year limit for public financial benefits, Hugo does not have access the resources required to provide food, shelter and clothing. Hugo’s metal and physical functioning has been impacted after experiencing a series of traumas, limiting Hugo’s access to education and employment. Hugo experiences multiple levels of oppression and discrimination which he may have internalized making it difficult for him â€Å"to recognize his abilities, cope with normal stresses of life, work productively and make a contribution to his community† (World Health Organization, 1999). Hugo has experienced physical traumas that have impacted his physical capabilities. As an immigrant in the United States Hugo does not have fair or equal access to legal support or protection by laws. The discrimination that Hugo experiences also impacts Hugo’s ability to be seen as a valued member of the society his is living in. The social worker can support Hugo by exploring all aspects of Hugo’s well being so he can discover how to start to advocate for his rights that are encompassed by each of these life domains Plan of Engagement, Empowerment and Participation After further exploring various aspects of Hugo’s well being, that would also include Hugo’s assets or strengths, the social worker and Hugo may want to develop a plan of action to guide their work together. Hugo identified immediately that he wanted to access to the group who is collecting data for a lawsuit against the US government. Although it may be considered a conflict of interest for the agency that employs the social worker to be involved with the lawsuit against the state, the social worker can connect Hugo to the group so that he can work directly with them. The social worker could also met with her supervisor and/or agency director to discuss what networks or committees the agency attends in the community. Often these groups hold more power than a single social worker or agency and work directly with governmental agencies to make recommendations or to advocate for policy changes that best serve the interest in their communities. By using these approaches, the social worker is assessing her own positionality in her agency and community so that she can best support the requests of Hugo, without disrupting the relationship she has with her employer. The social worker can also start researching what resources are available in the community that can address the barriers that Hugo is experiencing while trying to claim all of his human rights. Once a comprehensive list of services and or resources is developed, the social worker and discuss each of these resources with Hugo to get his feedback about what he thinks might be useful to him. The social worker would provide information about the advantages and risks and/or disadvantages to using any of the resources so that Hugo could make an informed decision. If there is a resource that Hugo is interested in utilizing but does not quite meet the criteria or does not have the funds to access, the social worker can work with the agency and funding sources to see if there are alternative ways for him to access the resource. Even if Hugo does not get immediate access to the resource, the social worker has left a path of documentation and advocacy that can be used to work towards access to these types of resources in the future. Over time, the social worker can build a strong relationship built from trust and mutual respect with Hugo. In order to do that the social worker will need to understand how her positionality relates to Hugo’s and how that impacts Hugo interactions with the social worker and visa versa. It appears as though Hugo has used multiple community services in the past, yet he still has not actualized his rights. The social-worker can explore with Hugo what services were helpful to him in the past and what aspects of the services became barriers to him changing his over-all well being. If the social worker finds with the services in their community are; for example, not compatible with Hugo’s cultural beliefs, then the social worker can work in the community to advocate for changes how services are provided. Other agencies may be open to expanding how they provide services to include all members in their community. The social worker can accomplish these strategies by adopting the capability approach. Nussbaum (2007) describes the capability approach as â€Å"a species of a human rights approach. It makes clear, how- ever, that the pertinent goal is to make people able to function in a variety of areas of central importance. †(p. 21) By empowering Hugo to further develop his cognitive, physical and social skills, the social worker can provide opportunities for Hugo to attain his identified rights-based needs. The social worker encourages capability building by advocating that Hugo receive services that will build specific skills, not just treat a diagnosis. Over time, Hugo can learn to identify and articulate his rights, reframe them into needs and demand services that allow him to claim his rights. In doing so, Hugo will request services that have the components that he recognizes as necessary for his well-being. References Banerjee, M. M. (2005). Social Work, Rawlsian Social Justice, and Social Development. Social Development issues, 27(1), 7-24 Ife, J. (2008). Human Rights and Social Work Towards Rights-Based Practice (2nd ed. ). New York, NY: Cambridge University Press. Mullaly, B. (2010). Challenging Oppression and Confronting Privilege (2nd ed. ) New York, NY: Oxford University Press. NASW. (2008). Code of Ethics of the National Association of Social Work. Retrieved from http://www. socialworkers. org/pubs/code/code. asp Nussbaum, M. (2007). Human Rights and Human Capabilities. Harvard Human Rights Journal, 20(1) 21-24 Reichert, E. (2007). Challenges in Human Rights A Social Work Perspective. New York, NY: Columbia University Press. United Nations. (1994). Human rights and social work: A manual for schools of social work and social work profession. Geneva: United Nations Center for Human Rights. Retrieved from http://www. ohchr. org/Documents/Publications/training1en. pdf. How to cite Human Rights and Social Justice, Papers

Saturday, December 7, 2019

Baroque Art Essay Research Paper Baroque Art free essay sample

Baroque Art Essay, Research Paper Baroque Art # 8220 ; An art-historical term used both as an adjectival and a noun to denote, chiefly, the manner that originated in Rome at the beginning of the seventeenth century supplanting Mannerism. The Council of Trent ( 1545-63 ) had strongly advocated pictural lucidity and narrative relevancy in spiritual art and to a degree Italian creative persons such as Santi di Tito ( 1536-1603 ) had responded with a more simplified manner which has been called # 8216 ; Anti-Mannerism # 8217 ; . Yet it was non until the seventeenth century, with the groundswell of renewed assurance and religious combativeness in the Counter-Reformation Catholic Church that a extremist new manner, the Baroque, developed. Rome was the most of import Centre of backing at this period and the return to compositional lucidity was facilitated by a renewed involvement in the old-timer and the High Renaissance in the work of Annibale Carracci and his Bolognese followings, Domenichino, Guido Reni and Guercino. We will write a custom essay sample on Baroque Art Essay Research Paper Baroque Art or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Their work is characterized by a monumentality, balance and harmoniousness deducing straight from Raphael. Carracci # 8217 ; s great challenger, Caravaggio, by contrast modified his Authoritative manner with an early naturalism, utilizing for his strongly-felt spiritual topics characters who appeared to hold walked in heterosexual from the streets, the religious significance of the narrative heightened by dramatically theatrical chiaroscuro. # 8220 ; The epoch known as High Baroque covered the period c1625-75 and is best represented by its prima creative person, Gianlorenzo Bernini. In High Baroque all the ocular humanistic disciplines # 8211 ; picture, sculpture and architecture # 8211 ; are forged together to do ensembles intended to exercise an overpowering emotional impact ( e.g. the crossing of St. Peter # 8217 ; s and the Cornaro Chapel, Sta. Maria della Vittoria, Rome ) . Restful balance is forsaken for dynamic motion and the unity of single stuffs is subsumed into the all important illusionism calculated to affect upon the faithful the actuality of the religious experiences of the Catholic saints represented before, above and all around them. After Bernini, the greatest designer of the period was Borromini, and this was besides an age when some of the greatest chef-doeuvres of illusionistic ceiling picture were executed, the taking creative persons being Pietro district attorney Cortona, Lanfranco, Baciccio a nd, somewhat subsequently, Andrea Pozzo. Contemporaneous with these advocates of the High Baroque, nevertheless, was a continuation of the Classical strand, characterized by the work of Algardi, Sacchi and Maratta. # 8220 ; Although Baroque art had its beginnings in the Catholic church the possibilities for propaganda afforded by the affecting and illusionistic techniques of the Baroque manner were non lost on secular frequenters. The Barberini household employed Cortona to proclaim their Godhead right to the pontificate in his ceiling painting for their castle in Rome, while Colbert, main curate to Louis XIV of France, was instrumental in the acceptance of Baroque in France for the exclusive intent of lauding the reign of Louis XIV. Consequently, Versailles is one of the most grandiose of Baroque castles. Indeed, Gallic Baroque is, by virtuousness of its usage chiefly as political propaganda, characterized by a certain ostentation. With its codification by Lebrun, the manager of the Gallic Academy, it besides moved more towards a instead fossilized Classicism based on docile regulations and principles derived mostly from the pictures of Poussin who had spent about his full active life in Rome . # 8220 ; Baroque art shortly spread through the other Catholic states of Europe. Rubens in Flanders produced spiritual and secular plants with equal success, while in Spain spiritual art reached new highs of spiritual excitements and in South Germamy and Austria the beginning of the eighteenth century saw some of the most remarkably elaborate and overpowering church architecture of all time erected ( e.g. Neumann and Hildebrandt ) . Because of its base in the Catholic Counter-Reformation, Baroque was resisted in Protestant states such as Holland and Britain, although Rembrandt in Holland and the painter John Thornhill and architect Vanbrugh in Britain are exclusions. During the eighteenth century, Baroque bit by bit gave manner to the igniter, more cosmetic Rococo style. # 8221 ; From # 8220 ; The Bulfinch Guide to Art History # 8221 ; Books on Baroque Art The Baroque: Architecture, Sculpture, Painting, by Rolf Toman. Published by Konemann, with the usual first-class quality reproductions ; covers all facets of Baroque Art. Bernini: Genius of the Baroque, by Charles Avery. Read the breathless reappraisal at amazon.com from a Colombian art history professor, and you will desire to see this book.

Saturday, November 30, 2019

RIPA-G2 Diagnostic Test Evaluation Essay Example

RIPA-G:2 Diagnostic Test Evaluation Paper Ross Information Processing Assessment Geriatric: Second Edition (RIPA G:2) Diagnostic Test Critique General Information Ross-swain, D. , Fogle, P. T. , (2012). Ross Information Processing Assessment- Geriatric. (2nd ed. ). Austin, TX: Pro-Ed. No reference was given as to what revisions/changes occurred in the production of the RIPA-G:2 from its previous edition. Purpose of Test The purpose of the Ross Information Processing Assessment-Geriatric: Second Edition (RIPA-G:2) is to provide a comprehensive and norm-referenced cognitive- inguistic assessment instrument that is designed to identify, describe, and quantify cognitive-linguistic deficits in individuals ages 55 years and older. Test Composition The RIPA-G:2 is composed of examiner record booklets and the manual. We will write a custom essay sample on RIPA-G:2 Diagnostic Test Evaluation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on RIPA-G:2 Diagnostic Test Evaluation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on RIPA-G:2 Diagnostic Test Evaluation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The booklets are organized into seven subtests (immediate memory, temporal orientation, spatial orientation, general information, situational knowledge, categorical vocabulary, and listening comprehension) that evaluate the different aspects of geriatric cognitive-linguistic skills/functioning. The manual is straightforward and easy to follow. Split into six chapters, the first three cover general information about the test, administration and interpretation. Whereas, chapters four through six focus on the normative sample, the tests reliability and the tests validity. Appendixes A-C are used to convert the subtest raw scores to scaled scores, the subtest raw scores to percentile ranks, and to convert the sums ot the scaled scores to indexes and percentile ranks, respectively. Appendix D consists of an example of a scored RIPA-G:2 subtest that is helpful to the examiners understanding of the test. Administration of Test The RIPA-G:2 is an easy to administer test where the only material required during the assessment is the Examiner Record Booklet (a recording device is recommended in the case of an examinee who produces rapid responses). The test itself only takes 25-35 minutes to administer, however if the examinee appears fatigued or to lose interest at any point, it is suggested that the test be extended into another session at a later date. It is also suggested that the examiner be thoroughly familiar with the manual and procedures, as well as having a good rapport with the examinee. The examiner would first fill out Section 1 of the Examiner Record Booklet with the examinees identifying information then begin the assessment with: Subtest 1: Immediate Memory which requires the examinee to repeat numbers, words, and sentences of increasing length and complexity after the examiner. Subtest 2: Temporal Orientation requires the examinee to answer questions relating to the concept of time. Subtest 3: Spatial Orientation requires the examinee to answer questions relating to the concept of locations or places. Subtest 4: General Information assesses the examinees ability to recall general information that is erceived as common knowledge. Subtest 5: Situational Knowledge requires the examinee to answer questions that involve problem-solving and reasoning. Subtext 6: Categorical Vocabulary assesses the examinees ability to list items in several categories as well as providing a name of a category per list of items. Subtest 7: Listening Comprehension requires the examinee to listen to the examiner read a short narrative paragraph and answer the questions that follow it. For each subtest the examiner would write each of the examinees responses in the space provided, ecord their score, and circle the corresponding diacritical response(s). The diacritical notations are used to record the examinees behavior and are as follows (complete definitions can be found in chapter two of the manual): e- error response p- perseveration r repetition of stimulus for completion of the task d- denial or refusal dl- delayed response c confabulation pc- partially correct or incomplete response i- irrelevant information contained in response t- tangential information provided with response sc- self-corrected response a reference box can be found at the end of each subtest for reference. Scoring For every subtest (except for part A of Subtest 6) each response is given a score of 3 when the response is correct, 2 when the response is partially correct, self- corrected, or correct but accompanied by irrelevant or tangential information, 1 when the response is an error, perseverated, or contabulated, or O when the response is denied or unintelligible, or no response is elicited. These scores are in conjunction with the diacritical notations so as to better describe the examinees performance. For Subtest 6 part A, the examiner should make a note of what strategies the xaminee employs and tally the number of correct objects named. For this part of Subtest 6 the rubric follows the same 3-0 scale, however the criteria is different. A score of 3 is given when all items are correct and the total tally of responses is 15 or more, 2 when all responses are self-corrected or the total tally of responses is 10-14, 1 when there are error responses, perseverations, or denials, or the total tally of responses is 9 or less, and O when the response is unintelligible or no response is elicited. The RIPA-G:2 produces three types of scores: raw scores, scaled scores, and ercentile ranks. The percentile rank can be converted to a corresponding severity rating that provides a general indication of the examinees performance in comparison to others. The raw score is calculated for each subtest by summing up all the item scores per that subtest. These scores are taken from all seven subtests and transcribed to Section 2 of the Examiner Record Booklet where they are then converted to scaled scores and percentile ranks via the age-based tables located in Appendixes A and B, respectively. The degree of severity can be interpreted using section 3 of the booklet. The Composite Index of Section 2 is derived by taking the total sum of the scaled scores and finding the corresponding terms using Appendix C in the manual. Section 4 of the Examiner Record Booklet is used to describe the examinees behavior. The total number of diacritical notations used within the subtests should be calculated and divided by total possible occurrences (these numbers are provided in Section 4) and rounded to the nearest whole number in order to portray the overall percentage of occurrence. Interpretation The results of this test should not be used to diagnose, however, they do give a ood idea as to a selection of long-term therapy goals. It helps to identify cognitive- linguistic deficits in the elderly population, in research that focuses on cognitive processing in the elderly population, as well as in the determination of the degree of severity of any cognitive-linguistic problems in those examinees who perform poorly on the test. By examining the subtests that are generated to assess organizational skills, temporal concepts, special concepts, memory, categorization, sequencing, general information, awareness of reality, semantic organization bases, word finding bilities, auditory sequential memory, receptive vocabulary, and processing speed, one can take the examinees results and facilitate small therapy tasks in accordance. Evaluation of Test Adequacy The RIPA-G:2 data was collected from 229 individuals, 106 of which were normally functioning and 123 who were diagnosed with a specified cognitive-linguistic impairment. Data was collected from ten different states, 54/46 female to male ratio, their ages ranged from 55-97 years with a predominantly white and economically stable demographic. Testing took place from the spring of 2008-the summer of 2010. There were a total of seven examiners selected based on their purchase of the RIPA- G within the previous two years. The data presented suggests t 2 is a highly reliable and valid measure of cognitive-linguistic processing in the geriatric population. The reliability is shown to be consistently high across all three types of reliability studied; content, time and scorer differences. Coefficient alphas, test-retest, and scorer difference methods were used. Of the 56 different alphas reported, 28 met or exceeded . 90, and 45 exceeded or met . 80. All information Processing Indexes exceeded or round to . 0 within the subgroups as well. The test-retest method took 32 individuals and had them take the test twice, the second time a week or more later. All but one of the mean standard scores, the standard deviations, and the correlation coefficients showed the relationships between the test sessions to round to or exceed . 80 which suggests reliability. Validity shows the RIPA-G:2 to be a highly effective and valid assessment tool via the data presented. The content-description validity involving the systematic examination of the test content to determining whether it covers a representative ample of the behavior domain to be measured is highly descriptive. The conventional and differential item functioning analyses fully supported the validity of the items. The criterion-prediction validity the effectiveness of a test in predicting an individuals performance in specified activities supported this tests validity by the results of two samples of adults who underwent selected criterion measure review and binary classification analysis pertaining to the tests sensitivity, specificity, and positive predictive value with positive correlations. Construct-identification validity is elated to the degree to which certain traits of a test can be identified and the extent to which these will reflect the assumption on which the test is based and results suggested that these traits be examined via differences among groups, exploratory factor analysis, confirmatory factor analysis, and item validity. The traits were all found to consistently underlying and thus further supports the conclusion that the RIPA-G:2 is a valid measure of cognitive-linguistic abilities. Summary I think that this test is easy to administer and understand. The context and anguage of the manual is easy to comprehend, however, the organization of the administrative instructions is not sequential and thus a little bit hard to locate at first. The manual specifies that one shouldnt stray from its specified scoring, but it leaves a lot of room for clinical Judgment as well. However, I like how one does not need the manual in the actual assessment, all one needs is the Examiner Record Booklet the manual is only necessary in the translation of scores. The results of the test are easy to comprehend, not only for an SLP but for caregivers as well. Overall, I would definitely use it.

Tuesday, November 26, 2019

How to Pronounce the French Words Au and Eau

How to Pronounce the French Words Au and Eau Many languages, including French, have words that are spelled differently yet pronounced the same way. Two of the most common of these words in French are  eau  and  au. Eau  is a noun meaning water in English, and  au  is the definite article the. These letters also function as a common vowel combination, producing the same phonetic sound. Pronunciation Guide The French vowel combinations in eau (singular) and eaux (plural) are pronounced like the closed  O sound, similar to the English pronunciation of eau in eau de cologne but more elongated. The French letter combinations ​au  (singular) and aux (plural)  are pronounced exactly the same way. Its important to master this sound because it appears in so many French words. When pronouncing the sound, the lips are pursed to actually form the shape of an o. This physical component is key to correct French pronunciation. Remember, to speak in French, you have to open your mouth- much more than we do in English. So allez-y. (Go ahead.) Click on the links below to hear the words pronounced in French:   Ã‚  Ã‚  eau  Ã‚   (water)  Ã‚  Ã‚  beau  Ã‚   (handsome, beautiful)  Ã‚  Ã‚  cadeau  Ã‚   (gift)  Ã‚  Ã‚  agneau  Ã‚   (lamb) Listen closely: The g is not pronounced, so you must say ah-nyo.)  Ã‚  Ã‚  beaucoup  Ã‚   (a lot)  Ã‚  Ã‚  bureau  Ã‚   (office, desk)  Ã‚  Ã‚  chapeau  Ã‚     (hat) Expand Your Vocabulary The vowel combinations eau, eaux, au, and aux in the words below  are pronounced exactly the same as in the words above. Click on any of the links above to remind yourself exactly how these letter combinations are pronounced. As  you recall, they are all pronounced exactly the same. gà ¢teau (cake)bateau (boat)chà ¢teaux (castles)auto (car)mauvais (bad)chaud (hot)cauchemar (nightmare)restaurant (restaurant)chevaux (horses)journaux (newspapers) Examples: Je vais  au  restaurant.   Im going to the restaurant.Je mets mon beau chapeau sur le bateau qui flotte sur leau et qui part au Portugal oà ¹ il fait chaud. I put my beautiful hat on the boat which floats on the water and which is leaving for Portugal where it is hot.

Friday, November 22, 2019

!9th Century Europe and Rizal

Rizal and The 19th Century Europe The 19th Century Europe gave rise to different spectacular developments around the world. It was at this period in history when nationalism grew to every abused heart especially the Frenches which gave rise to French revolution. It was at this juncture that Spain had political instability which paved way to the freedom of some of its colonies. The Enlightentment Period has truly enlightened the thoughts of people for this century gave birth to the new direction of thought.Traditional mentality was said to be its first reaction, followed by the advancement of science. Another spectacular development in this era was the dispersion of brilliant thoughts from influential philosophers which made a path for freedom from traditionalism to different countries such as France and USA. True enough, this century is the century of revolution and the Enlightentment Period which served the background of thoughts in the mind of our national hero, Rizal. Rizal as a dedicated citizen who had great hopes to gain independence to our country observed Europe and its whole events including the revolutions inside and outside the continent and its advancement. As an exceptional thinker, Rizal took the opportunity to learn and to understand the conspiracies around him and his observations made him visualize the desire of the oppressed people which he related it to his aggrieved countrymen.He witnessed the cruelties in the 19th Century Europe and saw the hearts of the people on fire. Through these, he valued freedom of thought, equality of men, he inherited nationalism. This period really made tremendous effects to Rizal and to his works such as his famous novels and the Propaganda movement which latter granted our motherland the freedom and independence after his death. Truly, 19th Century Europe served his mind right and he was able to inherit the spirit of this age.

Wednesday, November 20, 2019

BUSINESS LAW Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 1

BUSINESS LAW - Essay Example Colins Computers (CC) made an offer to the general public that sought to invite them to subscribe to their computer maintenance services. It made this offer in writing through an advertisement that was placed in the local newspaper and on their website. Geoffs Gym (GG) is the offeree in this case owing to the fact that is spotted the advertisement and was interested in the services that Colin had to offer. It was in desperate need of the maintenance services that Colins Computers had to offer. The terms of the agreement were also clearly stated in the advertisement where they offered to service computers at a very competitive price of $1000.00 per month for 12 months. And if the new customers were to accept the offer promptly then they would reduce this monthly amount by $50. The terms of the offer also stated that in the event that a party was interested in their offer then they should communicate to the company directly through post, email or text before 8th June. These terms were put in place so that Colin Computers could schedule their plan of activities in advance. The reason for these terms was also very well stated. An offer will only be valid if it is not vague and it is not an invitation to treat. An offer must be made in a very clear manner with certainty before it can be enforced by the courts. Vagueness is established when the terms that have been expressed in the offer are too vague. An invitation to treat is realized in the case of display of goods in a shop and advertisements. These needs to be distinguished from offers being that the courts will not regard them are valid. In the case of Pharmaceutical Society of Great Britain v Boots [1953] where the goods are displayed in a shop and it is intended that customers will enter the shop willingly and decide on what they want to buy. The contract in this case is not considered complete until the customer has indicated the

Tuesday, November 19, 2019

The increasing use of computers in schools Essay

The increasing use of computers in schools - Essay Example Hence, schools have introduced the use of computers not only to improve students' academic performance but also to increase students' familiarity with new technologies as well as make learning fun and effective for students. The introduction of computers in schools aimed first to improve students' performance in their academic subjects. Educators believe that the computers facilitate ease and convenience especially when these are used by the young people to write papers or do research. Studies done by researchers at Boston College state that regular use of computers in order to do research and write paper can improve students' writing abilities. These students are said to perform better in schools than those who don't use the computers on the same undertakings (O' Dwyer et al, 2005). Researchers also found out that the students' constant use of the computer results to higher score in standardized writing tests as a consequence of their learning from producing drafts, editing to correct errors and writing the final copy. In addition, computers have made the access to information swifter as students do not have to browse through books in the library in order to search to gain access for hard to find data.

Saturday, November 16, 2019

The Original Wason Card Selection Problem Essay Example for Free

The Original Wason Card Selection Problem Essay For many years, the Wason card selection problem has proved useful for psychologists and other experts in the study of human reasoning and logical ability (Kahneman Tversky 1982; Almor Sloman 1996; Yama 2001; Fiddick, Cosmides, Tooby 2000). One of the most popularly used tools in the assessment of the cognitive architecture of humans, the Wason card selection task tests the participants’ logical intuitions based on conditional implications (Almor Sloman 1996). The task likewise proves whether the human mind â€Å"implements rules of logical inference† (Fiddick, Cosmides, Tooby, 2000) by the subjects’ demonstrated ability â€Å"to endorse a statement of a general rule† or an argument to counter the rule. (Kahneman Tversky 1982) In the original version of the Wason card selection, the participants of the experiment were shown four cards showing A, T, 4, and 7 by the experimenter. They are then asked to choose which card/s they would turn-over to test the rule â€Å"if a card has a vowel on one side, it has an even number on the other† (Wason 1966) or the probability of the relationship â€Å"if p then q† within the four cards. The Wason selection task is structured so that the four cards are limited to display the instances of a true antecedent (TA) or a false antecedent (FA) on the side shown to the subjects, and a true consequent (TC) or a false consequent (FC) on the other. (Yama 2000) Alternatively, the first side shows instances of ‘p’ and ‘not p’ and ‘q’ and ‘not q’ on the side not shown to the subjects. (Dawson, Gilovich, Regan 2002) What has interested many psychologists and experts is the fact that the typical success rate for solving Wason’s problem in experiments conducted is only around twenty percent (20%). (Dawson, Gilovich, Regan 2002) The most common mistake committed by the participants in the card selection process is choosing the cards with A and 4 or A only instead of the correct response that should have been the cards with A or the p-card and 7 or the not-q card because â€Å"an observation of an odd number on the first card (A) or a vowel on the second card (7) would refute the rule.† (Kahneman Tversky 1982). Researchers suggest that this failure from the part of the subjects to provide the correct answers despite the latent simplicity of the problem may be due to the fact that the problem is not represented in its simple logical form (Fiddick, Cosmides, Tooby 2000), confusing many subjects. On the other hand, a growing number of scholars point out to the role of confirmation bias—or the way that human beings systematically seek for instances that would confirm a theory rather than for instances to refute a theory—as a major hindrance to the effective use of logic and reasoning skills of humans (Klayman Ha 1987; Dawson, Gilovich, Regan 2002) which may also explain why majority of the participants fail in the Wason card selection. Other variations to the task have since been developed. For instance, the task is now being used to test not only the human ability for abstract reasoning but also in deontic reasoning. A variation of the Wason card experiment, one that involves only the number sequence 2-4-6 has also been used to study the process of hypotheses-formation among human beings (Cherubini, Castelvecchio, Cherubini 2005). However, the debate on the way that humans approach problems—whether they indeed express problems in logical form—has yet to be settled. (Fiddick, Cosmides, Tooby 2000) This study therefore aims to replicate Wason’s original experiment of the four-card selection problem to test whether the same results would be achieved as in the original experiment and to examine whether confirmation bias remained a major problem in answering the tasks for many of the participants. Works Cited: Kahneman, D. A. Tversky. (1982). On the study of statistical intuitions. Cognition, 11: 123-141 Dawson, E., Gilovich, T., D.T. Regan (2002). Motivated reasoning and performance on the Wason selection task. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 28:1379. Almor, A. S.A. Sloman (1996). Is deontic reasoning special? Psychological Review, 103: 374-380. Yama, H. (2001). Matching versus optimal data selection in the Wason selection task. Thinking and Reasoning, 7(3): 295-311. Fiddick, L., Cosmides, L., J. Tooby. (2000). No interpretation without representation: The role of domain-specific representations and inferences in the Wason selection task. Cognition, 77: 1-79. Wason, P.C. (1966). Reasoning. In B.M. Foss (Ed.), New horizons in psychology. Harmondsworth: Penguin. Klayman, J. Y. Ha (1987). Confirmation, disconfirmation, and information in hypothesis testing. Psychological Review, 94(2): 211-228. Cherubini, P., Castelvecchio, E., A. M. Cherubini. (2005). Generation of hypotheses in Wason’s 2-4-6 task: An information theory approach. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 58A(2): 309-332

Thursday, November 14, 2019

Reflection Essay :: Reflection Essay

Much like Benjamin Franklin believed, I feel that a person should take advantage of the time the person has in life with activities a person wants to do or needs to do. A person should not spend much time on activities the person does not want to do. Life is way too short to concern oneself with work or other activities one wants nothing to do with all the time. When possible, I try to forget about my responsibility and just let go of the ‘things’ that do not matter to me. I think a person should try to occupy oneself with something productive, worthwhile, or necessary at all times. Even though a person’s life is left up to a person to live, I cannot imagine thinking that I owe my time to society through working a job that I simply despise. I am a compassionate person, but I do not owe anyone anything regarding my time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Taking advantage of life, what could that possibly mean? Well, there are certain activities I would like to take part in before I can no longer do them. I very seldom make idle promises, and I even more seldom tell hollow promises to myself. I am going to have the best possible time I can in accordance to my desires and no one else’s. I have already made up my mind that I want to work towards starting a musical band; therefore, one can be sure I am going to take advantage of the chance and opportunity I have to accomplish it. I also have certain places I want to go or perhaps activities I want to do before my time is up. I have made it up in my mind that I am going to travel to different parts of the world to see places most people will not, or perhaps some places that most people do not even know exist. I am going to make an attempt to do some extreme activities in an attempt to experience life from another angle. Again, an angle most people just do not se e, an angle hopefully a little too far off a tangent the average person. To experience life and take advantage of it, one needs to make promises to oneself. A person may wonder, â€Å"How am I supposed to do this? How can I possibly accomplish anything I want to do?

Monday, November 11, 2019

Knowledge is Power Essay

With more than nine out of ten Americans believing God (Larson 278), one must speculate the philosophical reasoning behind confidence in something that is unable to been seen, felt, or heard. The Puritan philosopher Francis Bacon (1561-1626) said, Small amounts of philosophy lead to Atheism, but larger amounts bring us back to God. When thinking in terms of ideals and values, it is equally relevant to ponder the significance between fact and faith. Faith is defined as a belief that does not rest on logical proof or material evidence. On the other hand, fact is something that actually exists and is a truth known by concrete experience or observation. For the purpose of clarification, science can be described as an image of truth and religion as an element of faith. And since existence does indeed extend beyond Americas front and backyard, its imperative to note that the three most popular sects in the world include two billion people that practice Christianity, one billion that follow Islam and one billion that are non-religious (National and World Statistics). With the amount of religious groups totaling over four thousand, its safe to say there is a religion tailored to the needs of each person but does religion equal faith?Francis Bacons school of philosophy is empiricism, which describes a theory that emphasizes the role of sensory experience in the development of ideas. In the philosophy of science, empiricism is a theory of knowledge which emphasizes those aspects of scientific knowledge that are closely related to experience, specially as formed through deliberate experimental arrangements. Very practical and utilitarian in nature, Bacon argued for a total separation of reason from personal interest, social conventions, human passions, etc. This reason versus revelation idea would eventually assist in the expansion of science and furthermore the separation of church and state and religion and morality. Although Bacon was seemingly loyal to Christianity and even said, Atheism is rather in the lip than in the heart of a man (Koth), his philosophical work is important footing for modern skepticism. Because of his empiricism views, Bacon would describe fact as having to be proven through the scientific method; all hypotheses and theories must be tested against observations of the natural world, rather than developed only on reasoning, intuition, or faith. Bacons definition of fact is parallel to the one in Websters unabridged  dictionary. Both definitions distinctly differ from that of faith; faith is not based on logical proof whereas fact is based solely on material evidence. Although its important to acknowledge and understand this separation, both definitions are able to coincide as Albert Einstein declared, Science without religion is lame; religion without science is blind. Einstein was remarking that taking one side in order demonize those who take the other, leads to misrepresenting the work of those on the opposing side and prevents us from exploring the issue further (Tannen 497). Science is the knowledge of facts or principles gained by systematic study whereas philosophy is the investigation of these principles. Studying philosophy is essential in order for one to broaden their views and comprehend, if not embrace, thinking beyond superficial ideals. Ethics, metaphysics, logic, and epistemology are all topics that one should study in order to form their own opinions rather than letting their environment shape what they believe. Without understanding our meaning of thought behind particular things, we are bound to follow rather than lead; without leaders, a democracy crumbles. At the heart of evolutionary theory is the basic idea that life has existed for billions of years and has changed over time. Although a doctrine going back as far as ancient Greece, the theory of evolution was advanced extensively in the ninetieth century. The most important development that made the theory the top topic of the world of science was the book of Charles Darwin titled The Origin of Species published in 1859. According to Darwin, all living beings had a common ancestor and they diversified over time through small changes. Overwhelming evidence supports this fact. Scientists continue to argue about details of evolution, but the question of whether life has a long history or not was answered in the affirmative at least two centuries ago. The history of living things is documented through multiple lines of evidence that converge to tell the story of life through time. These lines of confirmation include fossil evidence, homologies, distribution time and space, and evidence by example. A popular target for creationists is the hoax known as Piltdown Man which was a forged skull discovered in 1912 that was thought to be that of an early human. The lie was exposed in 1953 when it was found to be the lower jawbone of an  orangutan combined with the skull of a fully developed, modern man. Although Piltdown Man didnt fit into the known evolutionary lines of primitive man, it does not mean that those lines do not exist and havent been proved with other evidence such as fossils. Understanding the distinction between fact and faith as well as science and philosophy is important for academic study. The difference in fact and faith is significant for a student to understand so they are able to grasp what is real and what is imaginary. The concept of science and philosophy helps a pupil to understand what is absolute in the world and how to think vitally about living life accordingly. It is critical not only for academia but for those in a democratic society where the power is vested in the people. In order for a culture to make informed decisions, they need to acknowledge this distinction, especially concerning Americas educational system. In terms of evolution, it is of the utmost magnitude for schoolchildren to receive accurate answers regarding where humans originated from and how the earth changed. It is not necessarily meaningful for youth to conceive original ideas of an intelligent designer but rather well rounded ideas that have a scientific basis. After all, science has taken Heaven from the skies, hell from the Earth, and angels from the air. If parents wish their children to understand the Earth in religious terms, it should be taught in the home rather than a setting where other children are subjected to ideas based on faith. Millions of American Christians and members of other religious traditions accept the theory of evolution (Larson 276) which is a step towards commonality in the classroom. The progression of knowledge and education teach us not only that ancient texts arent meant to be taken in literal, modern terms but also that with no exploration of original thought, we are doomed to continue thinking the way of our ancestors. If history is not scrutinized and applied, it will be repeated as Kansas recently demonstrated with its embarrassing examination of science and religions place in public education. What a shame to repeat the 1925 trial of William Jennings Bryan against Clarence Darrow in Dayton, Tennessee, which continues to echo through the century. Religious philosophy has its place, which is a Sunday morning and unfortunately for  Fundamentalists, not in a biology classroom. Evolutionary philosophy on the other hand, is composed of supportive scientific date. In summary, social evolution, rather than revealing truth, develops religious ideas. Even detached scholars have come to realize that a vast number of Americans still believe in the Bible and accept it as authoritative on matters of science. Moreover, if people accept the biblical account of special creation over the scientific theory of evolution, which is, after all, one of the core theories of modern biology, then they most likely defer to biblical authority on other matters. For Americans who do not share this religious viewpoint and who fear that Fundamentalists comprise the majority in some places, concerns about the defense of individual liberty under a government by the people seem all too familiar. Modernists can only hope that scientific intelligence prevails in the educational system. After all, Francis Bacon did assure us that knowledge is power. Works Cited Dictionary.com Unabridged (v1.1). New York: Random House, Inc. 15 June 2007. Jardine, Lisa, and Alan Stewart. Hostage to Fortune: The Troubled Life of Francis Bacon. New York: Hill & Wang, 2000. Kirschner, Marc and John Gerhart. The Plausability of Life: Resolving Darwins Dilemma. Connecticut: Yale University Press, 2006. Koth, Amit. Francis Bacon Quotes. 2002. 15 June 2007. National and World Statistics. 2007. 15 June 2007. Millar, Ronald. The Piltdown Mystery: the Story behind the Worlds Greatest Archaeological Hoax. East Sussex: S.B. Publications, 1998. Larson, Edward J. Summer for the Gods. New York: Basic Books, 2006. Tannen, Deborah. The Argument Culture: Moving from Debate to Dialogue. Argument in America, p. 486-500. United States: Penguin Academics, 2004.

Saturday, November 9, 2019

Iran Country Assessment

The Islamic Republic of Iran is a country governed by a regime that began with a revolution headed by Ayatollah Khomeini over two decades ago. Khomeini was the first to label the United States as the ‘Great Satan. ’ Although the Iranian government denies it, terrorism has been actively supported, both materially and morally, for years by Iran and Iran supports efforts damaging to the U. S. If the more extreme elements in Iran continue to hold power and arm themselves with nuclear weapons, the international repercussions would be far-reaching.Understanding of Iran is important for members of the U. S. Armed Forces in order to comprehend the scope of Iran’s extremist’s leanings. On the other hand, many of Iran’s citizens love the United States and are resentful of Iran’s oppressive regime. The anti democracy and hindrance of personal liberty have taken a large toll on the Iranian youth. Iran’s younger generation has put forth a lot of res istance against this oppressive regime. Over two thirds of Iran’s population is under the age of 30, which is good from an operational standpoint.This massive amount of young people generally feels that there is hope to moderate if not remove the oppressive regime. Recently a few young Iranians have been frustrated to the point of actively demonstrating against the regime. It is also important to mention many younger Iranians want improved relations with the United States. Most urban Iranians have access to the Internet and satellite television and are able to compare their standard of living with that of the United States and Western Europe.The Kurdish people believe that they are a nation in itself that are deserving of a sovereign homeland. After the formation of the Islamic Republic of Iran, many Kurdish sided with the Iranian leftist and protested against Ayatollah Khomeini and his regime. In 1979, the Kurdish formed a rebellion, which ended with thousands of Kurdish dea d. Shortly after this, Khomeini centered his power and banded Kurds from serving in government office and greatly enforced freedom of expression.The Party of Free Life of Kurdistan is a militant group that is based out of Iraq but has been consistently performing operations in Iran. Iran has prepared to conduct military action against the group and has moved a large portion of Iran’s military to Kurdistan to hinder the uprising of the militant group. The Party of Free Life of Kurdistan would be a great asset to possible future operation in Kurdistan. The party is semi supportive of the United States but will most likely be more than willing to help in U.S operations in Iran due to their long-term goal of destroying the regime. Iran is a tough operational problem set due to their advanced military and technical power. Operations in Iran should be focused on using the people of Iran to include the youth and Kurdish people. Intelligence operations would be better suited for usin g Iran’s youth because they are more supportive of the Untied States and have the ability to work in Iran’s government and military. The Kurdish are not trusted in the government and would not be able to provide accurate intelligence.Operations should be held out of North East Iraq due to the likelihood of Iraq cooperating with the United States during operations. Iraq has a large portion of Kurdistan and it would be easy to work with the Kurds right out of Iraq. Iran and Iraq have a long history of war which only furthers Iraqs likelihood of helping the U. S. Iran is a very dynamic and technologically advanced country, which presents many intelligence issues. The help of Kurdistan, Iranian youth and Iraq would greatly increase the likelihood of operational success in Iran.

Thursday, November 7, 2019

Economic Loses & Policy of Economic Boycott essays

Economic Loses & Policy of Economic Boycott essays The fragile and juvenile nation of the United states suffered economic losses duration of European warfare. The U.S. wanted and had to keep their commercial economic relations with Britain and France because they did not want to economically crumble and fail as a new nation. However, a U.S. ship trading either with Britain or France could be seized by the other. To destroy and corrupt Englands economy, Napoleon had begun a system, the Continental System where France set up blockheads and took over ships and vessels in European parts if they first stopped in Great Britain. Britain was very unpleased by this and retaliated by setting a series of blockheads on Napoleons ports and seize cargo intended on going to Europe. Unfortunately for France and Britain neither had enough power to actually to destroy or shut down every major port, so the blockheads were mainly used to capture U.S. ships. These two nations ended up capturing 1500 American ships between 1803 and 1812. Also, Britain started to seize more vessels than the French because they won the battle of Trafalgar in 1805. With all this going on President Thomas Jefferson initially attempted to win respect for American neutrality by an economy boycott, a policy that banned trade with Europe. This affected the newly established nation of America in the years 1807-1812. This policy was of course anti-federalist. Jefferson urged the U.S. Congress to pass an act called the Embargo Act of 1807. This act prohibited ultimately all U.S. commerce and trade within European borders. During 1808-1809 also prohibited overland trade with British and Spanish possessions in Canada and Florida. Fortunately this act did stop the seizer of U.S. ships, but it had drastic side effects on American economy in 1807-1812. With all this in mind the Non-Intercourse Act was passed in 1809. This act only restricted trade with France and Britain, but Macons Bill No.2 turned the tables arou...

Monday, November 4, 2019

The Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution Research Proposal

The Impact of Outdoor Air Pollution - Research Proposal Example When inhaled, they lead to throat irritation, digestive problems, chest complications as well as dizziness and fever. Chronic respiratory problems such as asthma also arise from the same (Brebbia & James 276). The research intends to analyze outdoor air pollution impact, which is a menace presently showing an upward trend. The health of human beings is at risk; hence seeking adequate and effective solutions is quite commendable. The audience that this research seeks to reach includes those who conduct human activities such as burning wood that contribute to air pollution. In addition, it tries to reach those affected by the same to offer help find solution to their problem. The government too is a target audience since they have to put strict measures to prevent avoidable pollution from occurring. The project will first begin by defining various forms of pollutions before focusing on outdoor air pollution (Frumkin 388). Then it will explore varied causes of outdoor air pollution (Ahmed & Triana 84). Some causes of outdoor air pollution are beyond control. In the case of pollen for example, pollination is natural process that cannot be controlled. Wind is also a natural process and is responsible for transporting the pollutants from one atmospheric environment to another. Survey also will encompass seeking information regarding neighboring factories to evaluate how they dispose their wastes and their effects to the immediate populace. This is especially varied particles deposited in the atmosphere. This project will go a long way into protecting the lives and health of people who are at risk of inhaling the contaminants. I request permission to proceed with this proposal to prove that outdoor air pollution is a call for concern and that there are possible remedies to the same. Appendix: Images displaying the causes of outdoor air pollution, charts, and tables indicating the impact of outdoor air pollution, as well as statistical data

Saturday, November 2, 2019

Peter the Great's Reformation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Peter the Great's Reformation - Essay Example Peter instituted state wide reformation from military ranks to beard taxation, all of which helped Westernize Russia. These westernizing reformations forced Russia modernize, and adoption of European culture whether the people liked it or not. Peter the Great's most significant changes to the state were the improvements to the Russian military and also the expansion of the Russian industry. Throughout his reign, Peter the Great's ambitious westernizing reformation of the Russian military and industry transformed Russian into a strong and well respected European power at the expense of the countries laboring serfs. After the crushing defeat against the Swedish at the Battle of Narva, Peter the Great realized he had to reform the Russian military they wanted to stand a chance against the European powers. Although Peter's army was very large the soldiers were in sufficiently trained and inadequately equipped (Hosking). Peters officers and soldiers were not accustomed to fighting the European style battles involving open field. Peter knew that if he wanted match the European powers he needed to teach his officers western military tactics, modernize the weaponry for the soldiers, and raise funds to apply these changes. Peter also adopted European style uniforms for his army to express formality and contention to the Western powers. With this large, formal, advanced, and educated army, Russia could safely protect its newly acquired lands, contest European powers such as Sweden.

Thursday, October 31, 2019

( No topic ) Lab Report Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

( No topic ) - Lab Report Example Automata can be described as whimsical themed or mechanical device that is constructed to act as if by its own power. Sometimes they are referred to as mechanical toys or kinetic art. Automata are marvelous machines that use most of the mechanical processes which can be found in almost every modern machine. They are powered through the use of a hand crank that turns a drive shaft which may include cranks, cams, cam followers, ratchets, levers, linkages, pushrods or gears. These mechanical systems are used in power transmission to transmit the input of rotary motion into outputs of linear, rotary, reciprocal or oscillatory motion. All these combined inputs and outputs lead to a cause and effect relationship that is used to make the automaton to move. In modern times, the design and creation of automata is related to the same principle mechanics involved with the design of robotics. The relationships in the input and output motions is critical to the designer. The automata, as researched and done by Paul Spooner and as displayed in the Cabaret Mechanical Theatre, shows that from as early as 1960s, the idea of automata has been in existence and has been improved since then. The period 1860 to 1910 is known as the golden age of automata. During this period many small family based companies of Automata makers thrived. Contemporary automata continue in the footsteps of the earlier inventors rather than technological sophistication. These contemporary automata are represented by the works of the Cabaret Mechanical Theatre in U.K, Dug North and Chomick in the U.S. some mechanized toys developed during the 18th and 19th centuries are automata made with paper. Despite the relative simplicity of material. Paper automata require a high degree of technical

Tuesday, October 29, 2019

BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2000 words

BUSINESS IMPROVEMENT STRATEGIES - Essay Example Technology has already achieved its place in the modern business. Unlike the earlier days when technology was seen as just a requirement of the big businesses, in a modern world, smaller businesses have to also use technology to solve most of the challenges they have in order to avoid losing market competitiveness. As Proctor (2009) says, every business has a problem or a challenge which makes it harder to serve its customers in a good way and this means that these businesses have to know how to address these issues. In regard to this, the business should be able to seek to see how it can use technology to be able to overcome these challenges. Carnivore Urban is a city restaurant which offers customers interesting cuisine most of them based on beef. Barbeque is a major part of Carnivore Urban hence the name of the restaurant. Carnivore Urban also offers drinks of all kinds, and it considers itself an entertainment hub, targeted to the common working class people who like to go to the restaurant every day after work to relax. Customers come to the restaurant and order their favourite drink and their food. Each day in the week is a special entertainment treat day where music of different tastes is played, but always to take of the customers. The main advantage is that customers can come in and order a dish of their own unique recipe and have it prepared within a reasonable time. This not only helps the customers to have customized meals which are tuned to their specific taste, it also helps them to eat fresh meals. There is however one problem with this kind of arrangement. Stock management is hard, and some time Carnivore Urban buys too much food material of a certain type which them goes to waste if that day customers don’t order meals requiring that kind of food materials. As Webne (2008) says, managing logistics is a major and vital part of successful business management. For instance, it is possible

Sunday, October 27, 2019

A Personal Motivation Statement

A Personal Motivation Statement I have graduated from Bahir Dar University on July6 /2007. It is evident that my pre-university academic background had been outstanding on the average. My High school and Preparatory school certificates and Higher Education Entrance Examination Leaving are tangible testimony to this fact; where I managed to score 369 out of 500 which was the first grade from social science students at Preparatory School to join university. Joining the university, I could manage to maintain an excellent academic performance and graduated with Great Distinction (CGPA of 3.91 out of 4.00) in Bachelor of Arts from Bahir Dar University. It was the second best grade among Business and Economics Faculty graduates of the University in the year 2007. Currently I am working as an Assistant Graduate I in the Department of Economics, University of Gondar. Hence I have various academic responsibilities ranging from lecturing at class to advising research papers. I am giving different courses including Quantitative methods for Economists, Econometrics, Development Economics I and Micro Economics I for a total of 600 students in different batches and programs. In addition i am trying to publish different economic articles on Development Economics in the universitys quarterly magazine. In addition I am trying to undertake Research with PhDs at our department. Though I have keen interest in Economics and other developmental studies of social Science I am fond of the beauty of Maths. During my undergraduate studentship, I had keen interest in statistics, mathematics and calculus, my undergraduate scores for six successive semesters are excellent verification (Do not hesitate to go through my academic transcript!). In addition I have applied econometric models for my senior essay entitled Does foreign Aid Work in the Ethiopian Economy? .This had opened a door for me to see the application of quantitative and econometric knowledge on solving different social problems through research. It was with these in mind that I concentrated on applying for your Master Program in QEM. Apart from my academic life, I have been involved in the following different community services since High school. I have served my University as a Project designer and Implementer of one of its Movements, Anti-HIV/AIDS Movement. Besides I was also the founding member and the first President of Bahir Dar University Economics Students Association (ECOSA). Similarly, i have been an active participant and facilitator in different trainings and Workshops in different towns of Ethiopia. I have given Life Skills Training for about 500 University Students during my stay at Bahir Dar University. I have also given this training for about 300 out-of-school Youths in Amhara region of Ethiopia. In addition, I have taken different long term courses including Youth Life at the Cross Roads for Ten Months, Management and Leadership training for 2 Months and other short term trainings on Counseling ,Club Management, Peer Education, Reproductive Health, Family Life Education, Gender, Family Planning, Economic Relevance of Nile River, Globalization, Federalism and Democracy in Ethiopia, Theology Courses Etc If I happen to get the opportunity to major in Models and Methods of Quantitative Economics (QEM) Contributing to the science, and Knowledge of my students will be my ultimate career goal. Besides I will continue Lecturing at my Present employee, University of Gondar. I will try to help my students and my country in a way that is influential in bringing some tangible changes at the university and country level as i will use my social, communication and interpersonal skills when i came back home from the study. I wish to work my postgraduate degree as soon as possible and i want to contribute my best to my country and to the developing world as a whole as we (citizens of developing countries) are responsible to bring our countries from the bottom and contribute our best for the betterment of our World. Thank you in advance for your time and consideration. Sincerely yours, A. Motivation statement. Explain your application, your present situation, your interest in the field, in the degree and in the institutions of the consortium, your intentions after this degree, (1-2 pages) B. Preferred mobility track. This essentially concerns the choice of the institution of the second year. Students may propose a ranking of their choices between the institutions and it is very important to precise whether this is a definitive choice or simply a wish. In the latter case, the Committee will take into consideration the wishes of the students starting with those who have the highest acceptance ranking. (1 page) C. Financial aid. Students should precise if they apply for a scholarship (Erasmus Mundus, Asian Window Erasmus Mundus, Consortium (especially for European students) and if their application is conditional to the acceptation of a scholarship. (1 page) Personal Letter A. Motivation Statement I am very happy to be one of your candidates and to write this personal statement to the best of my knowledge and ability. My name is Tadesse Mulat. I have graduated from Bahir Dar University on July6 /2007. It is evident that my pre-university academic background had been outstanding on the average. My High school and Preparatory school certificates and Higher Education Entrance Examination Leaving Certificates are tangible testimony to this fact; where I managed to score 369 out of 500 which was the first grade from social science students at Preparatory School to join university. Joining the university, I could manage to maintain an excellent academic performance and graduated with Great Distinction (CGPA of 3.91 out of 4.00) in Economics (B.A) from Bahir Dar University. It was the second best grade among Business and Economics Faculty graduates of the University in the year 2007. Since September 2007, I am working as an Assistant Graduate I in the Department of Economics, University of Gondar. Hence I have various academic responsibilities ranging from lecturing at class to advising research papers. I am giving different Economics courses especially Development Economics I and II for a total of 600 students in different batches and programs. In addition i am trying to publish different economic articles on Development Economics in the universitys quarterly magazine. In addition I am trying to undertake Research with PhDs at our department. Though I have keen interest in Economics, I am fond of the beauty of developmental studies.In addition I have applied econometric models for my senior essay entitled Does foreign Aid Work in the Ethiopian Economy? It was with these in mind that I concentrated on applying for your Master Program in Development Studies.. Apart from my academic life, I have been involved in the different community services since High school. I have served my University as a Project designer and Implementer of one of its Movements, Anti-HIV/AIDS Movement. Besides I was also the founding member and the first President of Bahir Dar University Economics Students Association (ECOSA). Similarly, i have been an active participant and facilitator in different trainings and Workshops in different towns of Ethiopia. I have given different trainings for about 500 University Students during my stay at Bahir Dar University on issues concerning Reproductive Health,Gender ,Sexuality,Club Management,etc. If I happen to get the opportunity to major in Development Studies Contributing to the science and Knowledge of my students will be my ultimate career goal. Besides I will continue Lecturing and Conducting researches on Development Economics at my Present employee, University of Gondar. I will try to help my students and my country in a way that is influential in bringing some tangible changes at the university and country level as i will use my social, communication and interpersonal skills when i came back home from the study. I wish to work my postgraduate degree as soon as possible and i want to contribute my best to my country and to the developing world as a whole as we (citizens of developing countries) are responsible to bring our countries from the bottom and contribute our best for the betterment of our World. Thank you for your time and consideration. Sincerely yours, B. Preferred Mobility Track My choice of institution for the second year is as follows: University of Paris 1 Pantheon-Sorbonne, France Autonomous University of Barcelona, Spain University of Bielefeld, Germany Ca Foscari University of Venice, Italy Yet it is not a definitive choice as I can attend my second year study in any University. C. Financial Aid I will apply for Erasmus Mundus Scholarship for this program. I dont have any financial ability to pursue my Master in QEM. But my application is not conditional to the acceptation of the Scholarship as I will search for other Scholarships after I get our admission.

Friday, October 25, 2019

Siobhan Somerville’s essay Passing through the Closet in Pauline E. Hop

Siobhan Somerville’s essay â€Å"Passing through the Closet in Pauline E. Hopkins’s Contending Forces† In Siobhan Somerville’s essay, â€Å"Passing through the Closet in Pauline E. Hopkins’s Contending Forces†, the tacit allusion to homosexuality within Hopkins’ story is argued to be a resource used to question the dominance or implicit strength of heterosexuality in the African-American community over Black women. While I do believe Hopkins may have intended for the novel to raise questions about the institution of marriage in relation to the African-American female, I do not believe the argument is as polarized as a difference between homosexual and heterosexual attraction in relation to politics between the sexes. Instead, I would argue that the very ambiguity of sexuality within the text serves to comment on a larger issue of what makes a woman female and the importance of intimate bonds between women in society. The most important piece of textual evidence in Somerville’s argument is the attic scene between Dora and Sappho. In this scene Sappho begs Dora to spend the morning with her after a snowstorm from the previous night makes it impossible for her to go to work. The two lock themselves away in Sappho’s attic apartment and commence to have a tea party and â€Å"play ‘company’ like the children† (Hopkins 117). In her essay, Somerville describes this as a highly sexualized scene, in which the intimacy between the two women hints at a possible homosexual attraction between the two, given the homoerotic description of their affection towards one another (Somerville 149-152). While I do believe the scene does have a certain element of homoerotic tension, I would not go so far as to polarize the scene as clearly â€Å"homosexual† as â€Å"a pot... ...al Economy' of Sex." Toward an Anthropology of Women. Ed. Rayna R. Reiter. New York: Monthly Review Press, 1975. 157-210. Hopkins, Pauline E. Contending Forces: A Romance Illustrative of Negro Life North and South. New York: Oxford University Press, 1988. Levi-Strauss, Claude. The Elementary Structures of Kinship. Ed. Rodney Needham. Trans. James Harls Bell and John Richard von Sturmer. Boston: Beacon Press, 1969. Sedgwick, Eve Kosofsky. Between Men: English Literature and Homosocial Desire. New York: Columbia University Press, 1985. Smith-Rosenberg, Carroll. â€Å"The Female World of Love and Ritual: Relations between Women in Nineteenth-Century America.† Signs, Vol. 1, No. 1 (1975). 25 Oct. 2005 . Somerville, Siobhan. â€Å"Passing through the Closet in Pauline E. Hopkins’s Contending Forces† American Literature, Vol 69, No 1, (1997). 19 Oct. 2005

Thursday, October 24, 2019

Human development Essay

Human development entails all means to widen man’s preferences so he could sustain a healthy lifestyle, enjoy human rights, experience the normal way of living, and discover ways to become useful for the service of others and for his own esteem. Similarly, he can enjoy living a contented life enjoying the privilege of having political, cultural, communal, and economical liberties. Human development has its own justification. If at some point one’s development is questioned or criticized or discriminated against, so long as one does not interfere with other people’s lives nor deprive them of their own happiness, one owes nobody an explanation for what he does, for who he is and how he has become. In order to pull off this human development, he may seek some channels to build up his entire being. Socialization can be one of those channels wherein such channel will give them a sense of being in the right place and eventually develop and become the right person they wanted to be. Socialization can never be done it is composed of only one person. You have to meet people who may share the same the interests, cultures, norms, ideals, talents, or other similar stuff that you can relate to. To develop fully as individual, one must discover his or her potentials and share them to others. Of course, socializing entails hardships in managing time and adjusting to a group of people. But then, if you love the group you are in or are interested of improving yourself, all these problems could not possibly overshadow your development as a human being. Man’s socialization skills therefore are essential in his development as a person. If he uses his socialization skills to the fullest, he may become unaware of the extent that his socialization skills would take him if developed. If he learns to discover and harness such, he will undoubtedly provide himself with a huge room to completely grow as a human being.

Wednesday, October 23, 2019

Total amount of holdings News Corporation

Daily Mirror, New York Post, Sun, Times, XX Century Fox Films, HarperCollins†¦ – is there anybody, who doesn’t know these names nowadays? But not everybody knows that all of them are the names of great Empire News Corporation, which belongs to Rupert Murdoch.Total amount of holdings News Corporation for June 2001 was 43 milliard dollars, and annual income of the company was 14 milliard dollars. More then 30.000 employees work in 720 firms, which belong to the company in 52 countries all over the world. Isn’t it impressive? And at the head of all those companies is one person – Rupert Murdoch. How he managed to do it? Cannot we use his â€Å"know-how†? Stuart Crainer tries to answer with changing success all these questions.When I read this book, the first thing I noticed that I didn’t regret reading it. I found a lot of interesting information, which was written in good literary language. You read the book with bated breath, trying to un derstand secrets of a giant of media industry. All those things will help you in your future life – not only in business. They explain approach to life – these facts can change you life, they can make an earthquake in the system of your values.By Crainer’s opinion, although Rupert Murdoch is the head of one of the most successful and influential companies in the world, his style of management was examined rarely. This book is determined to fill this gap to some extent. Not accidentally you can see already in the header promise to show 10 main secrets how to create successful business.It is biography by genre, and the author seems to claim to the role of â€Å"business-biographer† of the mighty of this world. Curious reader certainly will find out details from early life of media giant. You can find in the book chronology of important bargains and business deals, which resulted creation of that which is called now â€Å"the Empire of News Corporation†.But the story about a person by name Rupert Murdoch is not the main for the author. The main milestones of Murdoch’s life are presented in the role of necessary â€Å"frame† for business phenomena called â€Å"Rupert Murdoch†.In capacity of background, where the figure of main hero of narration is boldly demonstrated, Crainer skillfully uses different theoretical conceptions, results of examinations, investigations, management models of such recognizable authorities in the field of management as Henry Minzberg, Warren Bernis, Fill Hodgeson, Rendell White, Jay Forester, etc.When other famous businessmen – for example, Bill Gates – found their popularity by their innovations and ability to choose time for serious business deals; the success of Rupert Murdoch is based on his ability to be a perfect manager. Essence of this quality and main reasons of his career success the author tried to catch by formulating 10 secrets of successful business.Murdo ch is follower of old school of management. In description of professional way of ambitious manager you will not find â€Å"motives† which are so popular nowadays, as constant learning, delegation of extreme powers and responsibility. Business is a war, and life, by opinion of businessman, is nothing more nor less than â€Å"series of interconnected wars†.Rupert Murdoch was born in Melbourne (Australia). He was a son of famous Australian military correspondent and publicist Sir Kate Murdoch (1886-1952) (Andrew Walker, p.5). After he graduated from Worchester college (Oxford, 1953) he inherited from his father two newspapers in Adelaide (Australia) – â€Å"Sunday Mail† and â€Å"The News†. In 1969 he bought his first newspaper in Great Britain – London â€Å"News of the World†.Four years later he bought already two newspapers in the USA: â€Å"San Antonio News† (subsequently â€Å"Express-News†) and â€Å"Texas News†. In 1974 Murdoch finally settles down in New York and continues his business, buying more and more newspapers. From the beginning of 80-s people start to speak about Murdoch as one of biggest media-magnates of the world. After he bought in 1985 studio XX Century Fox Films, his power started to spread over cinema, and later over TV-industry as well.Nowadays Rupert Murdoch is giant mammoth of Empire The News Corporation Ltd (Woopidoo! Biographies Business Masters, p.1), which consists of three regional colossi – News Ltd (Australia), News International (Great Britain) and News America Holdings Inc. (USA).Totally News Corporation, which states a value of $30 milliards, consists of approximately 800 companies, from which 52 are quite big. The biggest enterprises: BSkyS, Los Angeles Dodgers, XX Century Fox Film and Star TV (Center for American Progress p.1). Annual income of Rupert Murdoch Empire was approximately $12 milliards during those years.Rupert Murdoch is really promin ent figure. By opinion of the author Stuart Crainer, co-founder of consulting company Suntop Media, in civil social conscience rules such a vicious image of Murdoch that nobody would like to share the same room with such a person.Society remembers that already at the beginning of his career magnate didn’t disdain to use such means as to publish in once serious issues erotic and scandal materials; he fired his own workers without any compunction; in other words, he used everything, which in his opinion, in any way could assist in development of media giant (Capstonideas.com, p.1).